Basic Principles

Insert breakage, distinct from tip fracture, refers to a larger-scale fracture that does not occur at the rounded corner of the tool tip.The mechanism behind insert breakage is similar to tip fracture, as it is caused by excessive mechanical cutting loads. Note:In many cases, the gradual development of other types of wear can lead to […]

Tool tip fracture is mainly caused by excessive cutting loads. The strength of the tool tip is insufficient to withstand the high cutting loads.The cutting load includes not only the magnitude of the cutting force but also the degree of variation in the cutting force. Tool tip fractures caused by mechanical overload typically occur at

It refers to small fractures that occur on the primary cutting edge, including the cutting edge tip. In the initial stages, these fractures may not be visible to the naked eye and require magnification for observation. One can use a fingernail to lightly scrape the cutting edge and feel the distinct sensation of chipped edges.In

Plastic deformation mainly occurs due to excessive cutting heat. Thermal overloading. It is particularly prone to occur in cutting processes with high cutting parameters and poor thermal conductivity. High Cutting Parameters:High cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth, all of which are closely related to the cutting load. Poor Thermal Conductivity:Materials with low thermal conductivity,

The area where crater wear occurs is the region on the face of the cutting tool where the chips come into contact. This is the hottest region during the cutting process and is subjected to high-pressure mechanical friction from the chips against the face of the tool.Therefore, crater wear on the face of the tool

Flank wear is the most desirable wear mode.Flank wear is a type of abrasive wear caused by the friction between the workpiece material and the back face of the cutting tool. It starts from the cutting edge and gradually progresses downwards. In the initial stages, flank wear may not be visible to the naked eye

Workpiece materials are primarily composed of metals, and in recent years, with the advancement of material technology, many new materials have emerged. When selecting cutting tools for machining, it is essential to understand and differentiate the cutting characteristics of different workpiece materials.According to cutting characteristics, ISO standards classify workpiece materials into several categories. P –

During cutting operations, the relative motion between the tool and the workpiece can be classified into two categories: Primary Motion The primary relative motion between the tool and the workpiece ensures the basic cutting action of removing excess material at a certain speed. Key parameter: Cutting speed (vc) (m/min) Feed Motion The feed motion complements

Basic Conditions for Metal Cutting Relative Motion The relative motion between the tool and the workpiece is a necessary condition for cutting.The cutting motion can be divided into primary motion and feed motion.Primary motion refers to the main relative motion between the tool and the workpiece, ensuring that the tool removes metal at a certain